Corneal Diseases

Corneal disease symptoms vary depending on the type and severity of the condition and may include blurred or reduced vision, eye pain, redness, or persistent irritation. Other symptoms include sensitivity to light (photophobia), a foreign body sensation, excessive tearing, and abnormal discharge

Diagnosis begins with a detailed clinical history and comprehensive eye examination. A corneal specialist performs a slit lamp examination using a specialised microscope to assess the cornea. Corneal topography maps the shape and curvature, while pachymetry measures corneal thickness. When infection is suspected, corneal scrapings may be taken for laboratory analysis. The fluorescein stain test helps identify epithelial defects such as abrasions or ulcers.

Corneal disease treatment options include antibiotic, antifungal, or antiviral eye drops for infections and steroid eye drops for inflammation. Corrective lenses or glasses may be prescribed to improve vision. Surgical options include corneal cross-linking, phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK), corneal transplantation, and keratoprosthesis.

At Manipal Hospitals, patients receive comprehensive care from the first consultation. A thorough clinical assessment and advanced diagnostic tests from ophthalmology determine the type and severity of the condition. A tailored treatment plan is developed by the corneal specialist and ophthalmology team based on disease type, severity, and progression. Patients are also counselled about the condition, treatment options, and expected outcomes.

Some corneal diseases may cause few or no symptoms but still require treatment. Regular eye examinations help detect such conditions early and maintain eye health. Patients undergoing corneal transplantation (donor cornea) or keratoprosthesis (artificial cornea) receive detailed pre-operative preparation and expert surgical care.

Post-operative recovery is supported by structured follow-up consultations to monitor healing and visual outcomes. Rehabilitation may include corrective optical aids and low-vision support when required.

Although not all corneal diseases can be prevented, especially genetic conditions, risk can be reduced. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment help protect vision and maintain long-term eye health.