Urticaria

Urticaria causes sudden, itchy, raised bumps on the skin that may be red or skin-coloured. These hive symptoms can change shape, move to different areas, and usually fade within a day. Some people may also notice swelling of the lips, eyelids, or face.

Urticaria is diagnosed primarily through clinical evaluation and a detailed medical history. Routine allergy testing is generally not required unless a specific trigger is suspected. Skin prick testing may be considered in selected cases of suspected IgE-mediated allergy. Limited blood tests are performed only when clinically indicated to rule out underlying conditions, particularly in chronic cases.

Most cases of urticaria resolve spontaneously. Urticaria treatment focuses on symptom control with second-generation antihistamines as first-line therapy. Short courses of corticosteroids may help with severe flare-ups. Injectable biologic therapy is considered for refractory chronic cases, while epinephrine is essential in anaphylaxis.

Urticaria management at Manipal Hospitals begins with a thorough clinical evaluation to identify the type and possible triggers. Acute urticaria often resolves within days to weeks, especially once triggers are avoided. Most patients respond well to second-generation antihistamines, which effectively control itching and swelling.

Chronic urticaria requires long-term management and regular follow-up. Treatment is adjusted based on symptom control and response. Non-sedating antihistamines are used at standard or increased doses as needed. Short courses of corticosteroids may be prescribed for severe flare-ups but are not recommended for long-term use.

Patients receive guidance on trigger avoidance and managing active hives. In cases of angioedema, particularly involving the lips, tongue, or throat, close monitoring is essential due to potential airway risk. With appropriate treatment, most patients achieve good symptom control and improved quality of life.

For patients who do not respond adequately to antihistamines, advanced therapies such as biologic treatment may be considered. Immediate medical attention is advised if symptoms include breathing difficulty, throat tightness, or dizziness.