Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes symptoms may develop slowly and can initially go unnoticed. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained fatigue, blurred vision, slow wound healing, recurrent infections, and unexplained weight changes. Some may experience tingling or numbness in the hands and feet.

Type 2 diabetes diagnosis is confirmed through blood tests that measure blood glucose levels. Doctors may recommend fasting blood sugar tests, postprandial blood sugar tests, HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin) levels, or an oral glucose tolerance test. A detailed medical history and physical examination help assess associated risk factors and detect early complications. These assessment and diagnostic evaluations guide appropriate treatment.

Treatment focuses on maintaining stable blood sugar levels and preventing complications. Management includes lifestyle modifications, oral antidiabetic medications, insulin therapy in selected cases, and regular monitoring. Treatment plans are individualised based on blood sugar levels, overall health, and associated conditions.

Patients receiving management of type 2 diabetes at Manipal Hospitals can expect a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach. The journey begins with a detailed evaluation of blood glucose levels, lifestyle habits, body weight, and existing health conditions. Doctors assess cardiovascular risk factors, kidney function, and other metabolic parameters to create a personalised treatment strategy.

Lifestyle modification is the cornerstone of care. Patients receive guidance on balanced nutrition, portion control, weight management, and regular physical activity. Structured dietary counselling helps maintain consistent blood sugar levels. Oral medications may be prescribed to stimulate insulin production or improve insulin sensitivity. In certain cases, insulin therapy may be recommended when blood glucose levels remain uncontrolled despite oral medications.

Regular follow-up visits are essential to monitor HbA1c levels, adjust treatment, and screen for complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, and kidney disease. Ongoing education, self-monitoring of blood glucose, and multidisciplinary support play a crucial role in achieving long-term glycaemic control and improving overall quality of life.