Severe head injury

Severe head injury symptoms may include loss of consciousness, persistent headache, vomiting, seizures, confusion, or abnormal pupil responses. Patients may also experience weakness, speech difficulty, or altered breathing patterns, indicating neurological involvement.

Severe head injury diagnosis requires rapid clinical evaluation using neurological assessment tools such as the Glasgow Coma Scale. Imaging studies, especially CT scans, help detect intracranial bleeding, fractures, or brain swelling. MRI may be used for further evaluation in stable patients. Continuous monitoring and laboratory tests support clinical decision-making and guide management.

Management focuses on airway stabilisation, intracranial pressure control, and haemodynamic support. Severe head injury treatment may include medications, ventilatory support, and close monitoring. Surgical interventions such as decompressive craniectomy may be required in selected cases based on injury severity.

At Manipal Hospitals, patients with severe head injury receive immediate emergency care aimed at stabilisation and prevention of secondary brain injury. Initial management includes securing the airway, ensuring adequate oxygenation, and maintaining blood pressure to support cerebral perfusion. CT imaging is performed promptly to identify intracranial bleeding, skull fractures, or cerebral oedema. Continuous neurological monitoring is carried out to detect early changes in brain function and guide timely interventions.

A multidisciplinary team develops an individualised care plan. Patients often require intensive care monitoring. Medications are used to control intracranial pressure, and surgical intervention may be performed when indicated. Treatment is regularly adjusted based on clinical response and imaging findings to optimise outcomes.

Supportive care includes mechanical ventilation, fluid management, and prevention of complications such as infections or seizures. As the patient stabilises, rehabilitation services, including physiotherapy and neurocognitive therapy, are initiated to support recovery.

Regular follow-up is essential to assess neurological function, monitor recovery, and manage long-term complications, ensuring continuity of care.