Prostate Cancer

Early-stage often has no symptoms. As it progresses, prostate cancer symptoms may include a weak urine stream, difficulty or frequent urination (especially at night), blood in urine or semen, erectile dysfunction, and pelvic discomfort. Advanced stages may cause bone pain, urinary retention, or loss of bladder control.

Prostate cancer diagnosis begins with clinical evaluation and screening tests. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood testing and digital rectal examination (DRE) to help detect abnormalities. MRI or transrectal ultrasound may be used to assess suspicious areas. A prostate biopsy confirms the presence and grade (Gleason score) of cancer cells. A multidisciplinary team evaluates the findings to determine accurate staging, which guides treatment planning.

Prostate cancer treatment includes active surveillance, surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapy. The choice of treatment depends on cancer stage, risk category, age, life expectancy, and overall health, ensuring the most appropriate and individualised management approach.

At Manipal Hospitals, prostate cancer care follows a structured, patient-centred approach guided by a multidisciplinary uro-oncology team. Evaluation includes PSA testing, advanced imaging such as multiparametric MRI or PSMA PET scans when indicated, and biopsy to determine stage and risk stratification. Based on these findings, specialists develop a customised treatment plan.

Treatment options may include robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy, advanced radiation therapy techniques, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or active surveillance for low-risk disease. Nerve-sparing surgical techniques and precision radiotherapy aim to control cancer while preserving urinary continence and sexual function whenever feasible.

Dedicated patient counselling and shared decision-making ensure that individuals and families clearly understand the diagnosis, treatment options, expected outcomes, and potential side effects. During treatment, patients receive close monitoring, pain management, and supportive care to minimise complications. After treatment, structured follow-up includes regular PSA monitoring, imaging when necessary, and clinical assessment to evaluate response and detect recurrence early. Rehabilitation guidance covers pelvic floor exercises, physical activity, nutrition, and emotional support. Long-term surveillance and counselling help maintain quality of life and optimise outcomes.