Malnutrition

Malnutrition symptoms differ depending on the type. Signs of undernutrition include low body weight, muscle loss, swelling, fatigue, frequent infections, dry skin, hair loss, and poor growth. Overnutrition involves obesity and metabolic conditions such as high blood pressure and insulin resistance. 

A detailed nutritional evaluation and clinical assessment are required to diagnose malnutrition. Doctors evaluate body weight, body mass index (BMI), dietary intake, and physical indicators of nutrient deficiency. Blood tests help assess vitamin levels, protein status, and metabolic markers. Growth charts help track growth and nutritional status in children. These investigations help guide appropriate nutritional deficiency treatment.

Malnutrition treatment varies according to the type and its underlying cause. Undernutrition treatment involves supervised nutritional rehabilitation and supplementation. Overnutrition management focuses on weight reduction through a balanced diet and increased physical activity. Treatment of underlying medical causes and weight-loss medications may also be recommended. 

At Manipal Hospitals, a comprehensive nutritional assessment forms the basis of malnutrition treatment. Doctors evaluate body weight, dietary intake, medical history, and coexisting conditions that may influence nutrient intake or absorption. Laboratory tests are performed to identify specific nutrient deficiencies.

The treatment plan is individualised based on the severity and underlying cause of malnutrition. For mild to moderate malnutrition, doctors and dietitians recommend dietary modification with balanced meals. These meals provide adequate protein, vitamins, minerals, and calories. Oral nutritional supplements may be prescribed to improve nutrient intake and support recovery.

If malnutrition occurs due to chronic disease, gastrointestinal disorders, or infections, treatment focuses on managing the underlying condition. Nutritional rehabilitation is also provided. In severe cases, when patients cannot consume enough food orally, enteral (tube) feeding may be recommended. In selected situations, parenteral nutrition may also be required.

Regular follow-up visits assist in monitoring body weight, nutritional status, and general health. Timely diagnosis, treatment of nutritional deficiencies, and continuous monitoring play an important role in recovery. These measures help patients regain strength, improve immunity, and achieve long-term recovery.