Gestational diabetes

Gestational diabetes symptoms are not always noticeable. It is usually detected during routine pregnancy screening in the second or third trimester. Some may experience thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, or blurred vision. However, these symptoms can be normal during pregnancy.

Blood glucose screening, usually at 24-28 weeks of gestation, is recommended for gestational diabetes diagnosis. An oral glucose challenge test is used as a screening test. If screening results are high, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is performed. This test measures the body’s response to a glucose load.

Gestational diabetes treatment aims to normalise the blood sugar levels during pregnancy. Treatment may consist of dietary changes, regular exercise, and blood sugar monitoring. If these measures do not control the blood sugar levels, then insulin or other pregnancy-safe medications may be prescribed.

Gestational diabetes management at Manipal Hospitals begins with monitoring and counselling by the experienced obstetricians and diabetes specialists. Initial management is based on dietary regulation. A well-balanced diet with appropriate carbohydrate intake is necessary to maintain blood sugar levels within the normal range. If there are no complications, doctors may recommend light daily exercise, such as walking, to help regulate blood sugar levels.

Patients receive guidance for monitoring blood sugar levels with a glucometer in the home setting. If dietary changes alone are not sufficient to maintain blood sugar within target levels, insulin therapy may be initiated. It is usually considered safe and effective in pregnancy. In selected cases, the doctors may also prescribe oral medications.

Routine prenatal visits help monitor fetal growth using ultrasound and assess overall pregnancy health. After delivery, blood sugar usually returns to normal. However, women with gestational diabetes have a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Follow-up tests after pregnancy, along with long-term lifestyle adjustments, are advised.