Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

COPD symptoms include chronic cough, sputum production, shortness of breath during activity, wheezing, chest tightness, and fatigue, which gradually worsen over time. In advanced stages, patients may develop breathlessness at rest, frequent lung infections, weight loss, or leg swelling due to heart strain.

Doctors diagnose COPD through a detailed medical history and physical examination. They assess smoking history, environmental exposures, and respiratory symptoms. Spirometry confirms COPD diagnosis by measuring airflow limitation. Chest X-rays or CT scans help evaluate lung damage, while blood tests and oxygen level assessments determine disease severity and guide treatment planning.

COPD treatment aims to relieve symptoms, improve breathing, prevent flare-ups, and enhance quality of life. Treatment options include inhaled bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids, pulmonary rehabilitation, vaccinations, oxygen therapy, and lifestyle modifications such as smoking cessation. Doctors select treatment based on symptom severity and lung function.

Patients seeking COPD treatment at Manipal Hospitals receive comprehensive and personalised care from experienced pulmonologists and respiratory specialists. Pulmonologists begin with a thorough evaluation of symptoms, smoking history, environmental exposure, and previous exacerbations. They perform spirometry to confirm airflow limitation and assess disease severity.

Once the diagnosis is confirmed, doctors create an individualised COPD treatment plan. This includes inhaled bronchodilators, which help relax airway muscles and improve airflow. In some cases, specialists may prescribe inhaled corticosteroids to reduce airway inflammation and prevent flare-ups. Pulmonary rehabilitation programmes combine supervised exercise, breathing techniques, and education to improve lung capacity and daily functioning.

The team strongly advise smoking cessation to slow disease progression. Vaccinations against influenza and pneumonia help reduce infection risk. In advanced COPD, oxygen therapy may be recommended to maintain adequate oxygen levels.

Regular follow-up visits allow doctors to monitor lung function, adjust medications, and manage exacerbations promptly. Long-term management focuses on symptom control, preventing complications, and maintaining independence and quality of life.