Chronic Kidney Disease

In the early stages, symptoms of CKD may not be noticeable. As kidney function declines, symptoms begin to appear. Patients experience fatigue, swelling in the legs or ankles, changes in urination, nausea, loss of appetite, puffy eyes, muscle cramps, and difficulty concentrating.

Diagnosing CKD starts with evaluating kidney function and identifying any abnormalities. Blood tests measure creatinine levels, which are then used to calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A urine test checks for the presence of protein or albumin. Additionally, a kidney ultrasound may be performed to assess kidney structure and detect abnormalities.

Chronic kidney disease treatment aims to slow disease progression and manage complications. Treatment includes dietary changes, management of underlying conditions, and medications to control blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol. In advanced stages, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be recommended.

Chronic kidney disease management at Manipal Hospitals begins with regular monitoring by a multidisciplinary team of nephrologists, dietitians, and support staff. Treatment is tailored depending on the stage of kidney disease and underlying conditions, such as diabetes or high blood pressure.

Early management aims to slow down the kidney damage and preserve its remaining function. Doctors usually recommend controlling blood pressure and blood sugar levels, as these are two of the most important contributing factors. Medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers may be given to protect the kidneys.

Patients receive guidance on following a kidney-friendly diet. This may involve sodium restriction, moderation of protein intake, and fluid restriction based on the severity of kidney disease. Blood and urine tests are advised regularly to assess kidney function. It also helps detect any abnormalities such as anaemia, electrolyte imbalances, and bone mineral derangements.

If the disease progresses to advanced stages, treatment may include dialysis or a possible kidney transplantation. Post-treatment, patients receive ongoing monitoring to track kidney performance and manage associated conditions like blood sugar and blood pressure. With proper treatment and monitoring, many people with CKD can slow the progression of the disease.