Arrhythmia

Cardiac arrhythmia may sometimes remain silent and be detected only during a cardiac evaluation. Common symptoms that patients may experience are irregular heartbeat, dizziness, palpitations, shortness of breath, fatigue, chest discomfort, or fainting.

Arrhythmia diagnosis involves reviewing patient history, performing a physical examination, and conducting an ECG to identify rhythm abnormalities. Doctors may advise Holter monitoring to detect infrequent arrhythmias. Blood tests examine the electrolyte levels and thyroid function. An echocardiogram may be conducted to detect structural heart disease. In certain cases, an electrophysiological study is performed to determine the exact origin of the arrhythmia.

Arrhythmia treatment depends on the type and severity, and in some cases, treatment may not be necessary. Options include observation, medications to control heart rhythm, electrical cardioversion, and catheter ablation. In some cases, implantable devices or treating underlying conditions are necessary.

Arrhythmia management at Manipal Hospitals begins with a structured assessment. The assessment includes symptom review, episode frequency, and associated risk factors such as hypertension, heart disease, prior cardiac events, and diabetes. The doctor evaluates current medications, lifestyle factors, and family history, and correlates these findings with laboratory results.

Patients with mild or asymptomatic arrhythmias may be managed with observation, lifestyle changes, and periodic monitoring. For symptomatic or sustained arrhythmias, treatment is carried out with antiarrhythmic drugs to control the heart rate, stabilise the heart rhythm, and prevent complications. Anticoagulation therapy may be indicated in patients with arrhythmia who are at increased risk of stroke.

For patients who are at high risk or do not respond to medication, more advanced treatments may be considered. These include catheter ablation, electrical cardioversion, or implanting devices. Monitoring and routine follow-up are crucial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the treatment.

Patients receive counselling regarding activity restrictions, medication compliance, and symptoms that require emergency consultation. With appropriate therapy and regular follow-up, most patients with arrhythmia can lead an active life with better control of their condition.