Anaemia

Common anaemia symptoms include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, pale skin, palpitations, and headache. Patients with long-standing or severe anaemia may experience dizziness, fainting, chest pain, and worsening of pre-existing heart conditions due to reduced oxygen delivery to tissues.

Anaemia diagnosis begins with a detailed medical history and clinical examination. Blood tests such as haemoglobin level, complete blood count, red cell indices, and peripheral smear confirm anaemia and help determine its type. Additional tests may include iron studies, vitamin B12 and folate levels, and renal function tests. Bone marrow examination is done when clinically indicated to determine the cause.

Anaemia treatment depends on its cause and severity. Management includes iron, folic acid, or vitamin B12 supplementation, treating underlying diseases, or immunosuppressive therapy in specific conditions. Severe cases may require blood transfusion, bone marrow transplantation for selected disorders, or surgery to control ongoing blood loss.

At Manipal Hospitals, anaemia management begins with a comprehensive clinical assessment to determine the type, severity, and underlying cause in both adults and children. Advanced diagnostic tests, including complete blood count, iron studies, and peripheral smear, are performed. Specialised investigations such as haemoglobin electrophoresis, genetic testing, or bone marrow examination may be recommended when indicated.

Treatment is individualised based on the diagnosis. Iron deficiency anaemia is managed with oral or intravenous iron therapy, along with dietary counselling. In moderate to severe cases, especially when oral therapy is ineffective or not tolerated, intravenous iron may be administered. Chronic or inherited anaemia may require blood transfusions, iron chelation therapy, or immunosuppressive treatment. Children with inherited blood disorders receive specialised paediatric haematology care focused on long-term monitoring and complication prevention.

With timely diagnosis, regular follow-up, and compassionate multidisciplinary care, most patients achieve symptom relief, stable haemoglobin levels, and improved overall quality of life.