A combination of genetics, environmental triggers, and the immune system can cause parts of the intestine i kids to get inflamed leading to IBD that lasts a long time.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic ailment of the intestine. It can occur both, in adults and children. Nearly 25% of all patients with IBD fall in the paediatric age group. It is associated with prolonged inflammation of the digestive or gastrointestinal (GI) tract, affecting one or both the intestines together. In this condition, the body’s immune system starts attacking the intestinal tissue and causes ulcers, swelling, inflammation, and other issues. A few decades ago, IBD was a very rare condition. However, there has been an increase in the incidence of IBD since the Covid-19 pandemic. While only about one case of IBD per year used to be reported earlier, now doctors are witnessing one to two cases in the paediatric age group every month.
As IBD is an auto-immune disorder where the immune system damages the intestine, the body’s immunity goes haywire, and the immune system starts attacking the intestine. Along with immunity, it may also be driven by multiple factors, such as genetics, environmental factors (modern diet and lifestyle), nutritional deficiency, and changes in the gut microbiome.
Prevention
Since this condition originated during industrialisation in western Europe, it is believed to be heavily influenced by modern lifestyles and eating habits, especially the increased consumption of processed foods. Thus, avoiding processed foods and opting for a healthy diet rich in nutrients can help lower the risk of IBD in children. In addition, leading a physically-active life is necessary to keep oneself healthy and away from not only IBD but also other diseases. Even though there is no permanent cure for IBD, children can still live a life of good quality by being aware of all aspects of preventing IBD and following the doctor’s recommended treatment plan.
(The author is a consultant in paediatric gastroenterology & hepatology.)
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