Tobacco Use and Its Harmful Effects on Health: Risks, Diseases & How to Quit

Health risks of tobacco use

The habit of tobacco consumption, whether through smoking, chewing, or other forms, exposes the body to thousands of toxic chemicals, many of which are known carcinogens. The health risks of tobacco use are far-reaching, affecting nearly every organ system and significantly shortening life expectancy. Studies show that smokers are 15 to 30 times more likely to get lung cancer than non-smokers. The adverse effects of tobacco include:

• Respiratory system damage- Chronic exposure leads to reduced lung function, persistent cough, and shortness of breath.

• Cardiovascular impact- Tobacco narrows blood vessels, increases heart rate and blood pressure, significantly elevating the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Quitting can reduce heart disease risk by 50% within a year.

• Increased cancer risk- Beyond lung cancer, tobacco use is a primary cause of cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, bladder, kidney, pancreas, and more.

• Oral health deterioration- Tobacco leads to stained teeth, gum disease, bad breath, and an increased risk of oral cancers.

• Weakened immune system- Tobacco addiction can make the body more susceptible to infections and diseases.

• Reproductive health issues- It can lead to infertility in both men and women, and complications during pregnancy.

Diseases caused by tobacco

The link between tobacco and chronic illnesses is undeniable. The spectrum of diseases caused by tobacco is vast, making it a critical public health concern. Globally, tobacco use accounts for over 8 million deaths annually. The various diseases caused by tobacco include:

• Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)- A progressive lung disease including emphysema and chronic bronchitis, making breathing increasingly difficult. Over 85% of COPD cases are linked to smoking.

• Cardiovascular diseases- This includes coronary artery disease, heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease.

• Type 2 diabetes- Smokers have a 30-40% higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to non-smokers.

• Osteoporosis- Leads to weaker bones and increased fracture risk.

• Peptic ulcers- Tobacco irritates the stomach lining, increasing the likelihood of ulcers.

• Cancers- Several types of cancers, affecting different organs, are directly linked to tobacco consumption.

Increased risk of Cancer

Tobacco use is one of the leading causes of cancer worldwide and significantly increases the risk of developing several life-threatening malignancies. Regular smoking or chewing tobacco exposes the body to harmful carcinogenic chemicals that can damage cells and tissues over time. Cancers commonly associated with tobacco use include lung cancer, oral cancer, esophageal cancer, laryngeal cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, kidney cancer, stomach cancer, colon cancer, and acute myeloid leukaemia. The risk rises with the duration and frequency of tobacco use, making early cessation essential for reducing cancer-related health complications.

How to quit tobacco

While the harmful effects of tobacco are severe, it is never too late to quit. Giving up tobacco is one of the best decisions you can make for your health, and the benefits begin almost immediately. Within 20 minutes of quitting, your heart rate and blood pressure drop. After 1-9 months, coughing and shortness of breath decrease. You can:

• Set a quit date- Choose a specific day to stop and prepare for it beforehand.

• Seek professional help- Consult doctors, counsellors, or specialised tobacco cessation programs for guidance and support.

• Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)- Products like patches, gums, or lozenges can help manage withdrawal symptoms.

• Behavioural therapies- Counselling and support groups can provide strategies to cope with cravings and triggers.

• Avoid triggers- Identify situations, people, or feelings that make you want to use tobacco and try to avoid or manage them.

• Stay active- Regular physical activity can help reduce cravings and withdrawal symptoms.

• Maintain a healthy diet- Eating nutritious foods can improve overall well-being and aid in the quitting process. You can talk to an expert dietitian or nutritionist.

Care essentials

Quitting tobacco may seem challenging, but with the right strategies, support, and determination, it is entirely achievable and highly rewarding for your overall health. Choose to motivate and prep yourself by:

• Creating a personalised quit plan and sticking to it

• Informing your family and friends about your decision to quit for their support

• Practising relaxation techniques to manage stress and cravings

• Celebrating small milestones in your quitting journey

• Avoiding the habit of storing tobacco products; get rid of them completely

• Not giving-up if you slip, but viewing it as a learning experience and restarting your quit plan

• Never isolating yourself, instead seeking support from others who are also trying to quit

Conclusion

Tobacco use can severely harm the lungs, heart, and overall health, while also increasing the risk of several cancers. However, quitting tobacco at any stage can greatly improve quality of life, lower the risk of chronic illnesses and tobacco-related cancers, and support better long-term health outcomes. Manipal Hospitals Rangapani offers expert guidance, personalised care, and counselling on how to quit tobacco effectively. Our strategies can help you successfully begin and sustain your journey towards a healthier, tobacco-free life.

If you have been consuming tobacco for a considerable time or are experiencing unusual or concerning symptoms, do not wait. Consult our Cancer care specialists today at Manipal Hospitals Rangapani for a thorough cancer screening and comprehensive guidance and care.