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Partial knee replacement (PKR) is a surgery that replaces only the damaged part of the knee in people with osteoarthritis, leaving the healthy areas untouched. This surgical approach is related to a quicker recovery, better joint movement, and a more natural feel when a total knee replacement (TKR) is not needed. Minimally invasive surgical techniques, including robotics, make this procedure extremely successful for patients. Read this blog as we explore partial knee replacement in detail, including benefits, eligibility criteria, and its limitations.
Synopsis
Partial Knee Replacement: How It Differs from Total Knee Replacement?
Partial knee replacement (PKR) is the surgery performed when osteoarthritis affects just one part of the knee joint. By only removing and resurfacing just the damaged bone and cartilage in the affected compartment, PKR preserves the healthy sections of the knee, unlike total knee replacement, which replaces the entire joint. This method minimizes damage to the knee's natural anatomy while restoring function.
Although both partial knee replacement and total knee replacement alleviate pain and improve knee function, the surgical procedures differ in terms of how they are performed, recovery time, and eligibility criteria.
Scope of Surgery:
PKR targets specific damaged knee compartments (mainly the medial, lateral, or patellofemoral areas). However, in TKR, it involves replacing the whole knee joint.
Preservation of Natural Structures:
During PKR, the surgeon preserves all healthy ligaments and bone structures, including the cruciate ligaments. However, some bone tissue is removed during the procedure, and artificial parts may be needed to replace damaged areas of the bone.
Recovery Timeline:
Since PKR is less invasive than TKR, recovery from the procedure is quicker and less painful.
Who is Eligible for Partial Knee Replacement?
Not everyone suffering from knee problems is a candidate for a partial knee replacement. The best outcomes are seen in patients who meet specific medical and anatomical criteria. Below are the primary indicators of a suitable PKR surgery candidate:
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Isolated Osteoarthritis: The patient suffering from osteoarthritis has only one knee compartment affected.
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Healthy Ligaments: In order for the joint to remain stable after the surgery, the cruciate ligaments (especially the ACL) must be intact and functioning.
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Good Range of Motion: PKR works best for patients who have minimal deformity and good knee movement.
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Moderate Activity Level: The best applicants are active without putting undue strain on their joints, such as in high-impact sports.
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Knee Alignment: There should be little bowing or deformity of the knee.
Key Benefits of Partial Knee Replacement
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Less Invasive Procedure |
The surgery often requires a smaller incision and less disruption to the surrounding tissue, which translates to quicker healing. |
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Faster Recovery Time |
Most patients can walk with assistance within a day or two and return to normal activities much sooner than with total knee replacement. |
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Reduced Post-Surgery Pain |
Since the procedure is less invasive, patients experience less pain during recovery and need fewer pain medications. |
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Preservation of Healthy Bone and Ligaments |
Keeping the unaffected areas of the knee intact, the joint retains a more natural feel and function after surgery. |
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Improved Range of Motion |
Many patients report better flexibility and bending ability than with total knee replacement. |
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Lower Risk of Complications |
PKR generally has a lower risk of infection, less bleeding, and low risk of surgical complications. |
Potential Limitations and Considerations
While PKR helps many, it's important that you consider specific risks and limitations before undergoing the procedure.
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Not Suitable for Widespread Arthritis: If arthritis affects multiple knee compartments, partial replacement won't fully address the problem.
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Possibility of Future Surgery: If arthritis spreads to other parts of the knee, the patient may eventually need a total knee replacement.
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Younger Patients: Active or younger patients may wear out the partial implant sooner, leading to revision surgeries.
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Significant deformity with stiffness.
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Requires Accurate clinical and radiological Diagnosis: Improper patient selection can lead to poor outcomes, so precise imaging and clinical judgement are crucial.
Conclusion
Partial knee replacement is a great choice for patients with isolated knee arthritis who want a faster recovery and a more natural joint movement post-surgery. Success lies in patient selection, skilled surgical execution, and following post-operative care instructions. Although PKR has its own limitations, the benefits often outweigh the drawbacks for the eligible candidates.
Always consult an experienced orthopaedic specialist in Bangalore to determine whether this procedure best fits your condition.
FAQ's
The lifespan of a partial knee replacement can range from 10 to 15 years, depending on a number of variables such as age, degree of activity, and overall joint health.
Most patients are mobilised after a few hours of the procedure. They can walk with support (like a walker or cane) within 1 - 2 days post-surgery and can go ahead with rehabilitation programs.
There will likely be some pain, but it is usually less severe than with a total knee replacement. As prescribed by your doctor, pain is often controlled with medication and physical therapy.
The majority of patients recover from surgery in 4 – 6 weeks, but it may take up to 3 – 6 months, depending on your age and health.
After a few days, we advise patients to start low-impact exercises like cycling, swimming, and walking. Unless your doctor advises otherwise, you should refrain from high-impact sports for a few months.
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