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For individuals living with kidney failure, hemodialysis is not just a treatment; it’s a life-saving support system. If your kidneys can no longer perform their essential functions, hemodialysis steps in to keep your body balanced and free of harmful waste. This article provides a deeper understanding of what hemodialysis really involves, how it works, and what to expect as a patient or caregiver.
Synopsis
What is Hemodialysis?
Hemodialysis is a medical treatment that artificially filters toxins, excess salts, and fluid from the blood when the kidneys are unable to do so naturally. It is a vital form of renal replacement therapy for individuals with severe kidney damage or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Without it, harmful substances quickly build up in the body, leading to potentially fatal consequences.
Put simply, hemodialysis mimics the essential function of healthy kidneys, maintaining chemical balance and ensuring toxins are removed from the bloodstream.
Why is Hemodialysis Needed?
Kidneys play a crucial role in the body, regulating fluid levels, balancing minerals, filtering waste, and controlling blood pressure. When they fail, these functions cease. This leads to:
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Accumulation of urea and creatinine (waste products)
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Dangerous fluid retention.
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Electrolyte imbalances (like high potassium)
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Fatigue, confusion, or even seizures.
For people with chronic kidney disease or complete renal failure, hemodialysis is the most effective way to remove these life-threatening substances and maintain overall health.
How Does Hemodialysis Work?
Understanding the hemodialysis procedure can help patients feel more prepared and in control.
The treatment involves removing blood from the body, cleansing it through a special filter called a dialyser, and returning it. Here's how it works.
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Access Creation: A vascular access point is created surgically, often in the arm, as either a fistula, graft, or catheter. This serves as the connection for dialysis.
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Circulation and Filtration: Blood is drawn through the access into a dialysis machine. Inside, it passes through the dialyser, where waste, toxins, and extra fluid are filtered out using a semi-permeable membrane and a cleansing fluid called dialysate.
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Return to Body: The purified blood is then safely returned to the body.
Each session takes about 3–5 hours and is typically done three times a week. Despite the time commitment, many patients report feeling noticeably better after treatment.
Types of Hemodialysis
There are different types of hemodialysis depending on medical needs, home setup, and personal preference:
1. In-Centre Hemodialysis.
The most common method is conducted at a hospital or dialysis centre under medical supervision.
2. Home Hemodialysis.
Patients are trained to perform dialysis at home. It offers flexibility and can be done more frequently, improving overall comfort and independence.
3. Nocturnal Hemodialysis.
This is performed overnight, allowing longer and slower sessions, which can be gentler on the body.
Each method has its advantages. The nephrology team at Manipal Hospitals Patiala helps patients choose the most appropriate type based on their condition and lifestyle.
Hemodialysis Complications
Like any medical procedure, hemodialysis may carry certain risks. It’s essential to be aware of potential hemodialysis complications so they can be addressed early:
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Low blood pressure (hypotension) during or after sessions.
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Muscle cramps and fatigue.
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Infection or clotting at the access site.
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Nausea and dizziness.
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Anaemia due to reduced red blood cells.
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Bone disease from calcium-phosphorus imbalance.
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Dry, itchy skin and restless legs.
Most side effects can be managed with timely care, medication, and proper nutrition. Reporting any discomfort to the care team early is important.
Tips for Managing Life on Hemodialysis
Adapting to hemodialysis can be physically and emotionally challenging. Here are a few supportive strategies:
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Follow a renal-friendly diet: Control your intake of salt, potassium, and fluids. Protein needs may also increase.
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Limit fluid intake: Between sessions, excess fluid can cause swelling or breathing difficulties.
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Care for your access site: Keep it clean, dry, and avoid pressure on the area.
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Manage stress: Relaxation techniques, counselling, or support groups can help.
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Stay lightly active: With your doctor’s advice, walking or stretching can support circulation and mood.
Daily routines may change, but with time and support, most patients find balance and live meaningful lives.
When to See a Nephrologist
It’s crucial to consult a kidney specialist early before symptoms become severe. You should see a nephrologist if you notice:
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Persistent swelling in legs, ankles, or around the eyes.
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Changes in urination include less output, foamy urine, or blood.
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Persistent fatigue or shortness of breath.
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Nausea or a metallic taste in the mouth.
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Unexplained high blood pressure or heart rhythm issues.
Manipal Hospitals Patiala has a dedicated team of nephrologists and dialysis specialists offering compassionate care and advanced treatment, including hemodialysis and chronic kidney disease management.
A Real-Life Story: Living Well with Hemodialysis
Mr. Rajinder Singh, a 62-year-old retired teacher from Patiala, was diagnosed with chronic kidney failure two years ago. After initially fearing the worst, he began regular hemodialysis at Manipal Hospitals, Patiala. With expert care, nutritional guidance, and a strong support system, he now leads an active lifestyle, tending to his garden and enjoying time with his grandchildren. His journey is a reminder that dialysis isn’t the end; it’s a new beginning.
Starting hemodialysis can feel overwhelming—but it is a powerful tool in managing kidney failure and regaining quality of life. With expert medical guidance, a personalised care plan, and a supportive environment, it is entirely possible to lead a productive and fulfilling life while on dialysis.
Conclusion
At Manipal Hospitals Patiala, we are committed to helping every patient navigate their kidney care journey with dignity, clarity, and hope. If you or your loved one is preparing for or already undergoing dialysis, remember—you are not alone. Support is available every step of the way. Book an appointment today!
FAQ's
Long-term dialysis may affect bone health, energy levels, and heart function, but with proper care, patients can live for many years.
The procedure itself isn’t painful, but some people may feel minor discomfort during needle insertion.
Stay hydrated (as advised), eat a light meal beforehand, and wear comfortable clothes. Bring something to pass the time, like a book or music.
Yes, home hemodialysis is possible with training and the right setup, offering flexibility and comfort.
A light, kidney-friendly meal rich in protein and low in sodium is recommended. Your renal dietitian will guide you further.
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