English

    Overview

  • Dr. Shruthi H.S. Reddy is a highly skilled HPB and liver transplant surgeon in Old Airport Road, Bangalore. She is currently practising as a Consultant, HPB & Liver and Pancreatic Transplant at Manipal Hospitals, Bangalore. She brings extensive international experience and over a decade of advanced surgical expertise to the care of patients with complex liver, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal conditions. Recognised for her technical precision, academic contributions, and compassionate patient care, Dr. Shruthi has established herself as one of the leading liver transplant surgeons in the city, particularly noted for her proficiency in living donor and cadaveric liver transplantation, paediatric transplants, and complex hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeries.

  • Dr. Shruthi completed her MBBS at Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, followed by a Master of Surgery (MS) from the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. She pursued a Master of Chirurgie (MCh) in Gastrointestinal Surgery at AIIMS, New Delhi, and holds the prestigious FRCS from Glasgow. Her specialised liver transplant training was completed at King’s College Hospital, London, where she gained significant expertise in both adult and paediatric liver transplantation, including machine perfusion techniques. Further enhancing her surgical repertoire, Dr. Shruthi undertook advanced training in robotic HPB surgery in Japan, refining her skills in minimally invasive liver and pancreatic resections, complex vascular reconstructions, and single-port robotic procedures.

  • Currently, Dr. Shruthi serves as the Consultant - HPB & Liver and Pancreatic Transplant at Manipal Hospitals, Bangalore, where she performs highly complex liver and pancreatic surgeries. Her clinical practice encompasses living donor and deceased donor liver transplantation, extended hepatectomy, pancreatectomy, gastrointestinal oncology surgeries, and minimally invasive HPB procedures. She has also contributed significantly to the inception of liver transplant programmes at public and private hospitals across India, including her role as a visiting consultant at the Institute of Gastroenterology and Organ Transplantation (IGOT), Bangalore, where she facilitated organ retrieval and transplantation procedures for patients with end-stage liver disease.

  • Beyond her clinical practice, Dr. Shruthi is a passionate educator and mentor. She serves as a teaching faculty for the DNB GI Surgery Super-Specialty Programme, guiding the next generation of surgical gastroenterologists through hands-on training, research supervision, and academic mentorship. She has presented extensively at national and international conferences, including the IHPBA World Congress, British Transplant Society meetings, and Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, showcasing her expertise in complex hepatobiliary surgery, minimally invasive liver resections, and outcomes of liver transplantation.

  • Dr. Shruthi has been recognised internationally for her excellence and leadership in liver transplantation and HPB surgery. She was elected as a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Glasgow, in 2023, and was one of two surgeons globally selected for the Japanese Society of HBP Surgeons observership in 2024. She actively participates in professional societies, including the International Liver Transplant Society (ILTS), International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (IHPBA), Liver Transplant Society of India (LTSI), and several Indian surgical associations, contributing to academic discourse, guideline development, and advocacy for organ donation.

  • Known for her patient-centric approach, meticulous surgical planning, and advanced technical skills, Dr. Shruthi is widely regarded as the best liver transplant surgeon in Bangalore for patients seeking comprehensive and cutting-edge HPB care. Her practice combines international expertise with local sensitivity, ensuring that patients receive world-class treatment within a supportive and empathetic environment. Whether performing complex adult or paediatric liver transplants, intricate pancreatic resections, or minimally invasive HPB procedures, Dr. Shruthi continues to push the boundaries of surgical excellence while mentoring future leaders in the field.

  • Field of Expertise

  • Robotic Surgery (Especially Minimally Invasive Liver And Pancreas Resections)
  • Liver Transplantation
  • Liver Failure / Cirrhosis
  • Portal Hypertension Surgeries
  • Gastrointestinal Cancers
  • Cancers and Benign Disorders Of The Liver, Pancreas, Gallbladder, And Bile Ducts (HPB Surgery)
  • Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery and Vascular Resections
  • Liver Transplantation, Liver Resections / Hepatectomy (Robotic, Laparoscopic And Open), Minimally-Invasive HBP Surgery and Complex GI Oncosurgery, Vascular Resections For Advanced Cancers
  • Fellowship & Membership

  • Fellowship in Liver Transplant Surgery – King’s College Hospital, London
  • Advanced Clinical Training in Robotic HBP Surgery – Ageo Central Hospital, Japan
  • Languages Spoken

  • English
  • Hindi
  • Kannada
  • Awards & Achievements

  • Best Outgoing Student – MS (General Surgery), PGI, Chandigarh
  • Award Presentation For The Roy Calne Medal In British Transplant Society, 2021
  • Travel Grants From CSIR And IHPBA
  • National Level Faculty In Liver Transplantation
  • Committee Member – International Liver Transplant Society

    Fellowship & Membership

  • Fellowship in Liver Transplant Surgery – King’s College Hospital, London
  • Advanced Clinical Training in Robotic HBP Surgery – Ageo Central Hospital, Japan
  • Overview

  • Dr. Shruthi H.S. Reddy is a highly skilled HPB and liver transplant surgeon in Old Airport Road, Bangalore. She is currently practising as a Consultant, HPB & Liver and Pancreatic Transplant at Manipal Hospitals, Bangalore. She brings extensive international experience and over a decade of advanced surgical expertise to the care of patients with complex liver, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal conditions. Recognised for her technical precision, academic contributions, and compassionate patient care, Dr. Shruthi has established herself as one of the leading liver transplant surgeons in the city, particularly noted for her proficiency in living donor and cadaveric liver transplantation, paediatric transplants, and complex hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeries.

  • Dr. Shruthi completed her MBBS at Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, followed by a Master of Surgery (MS) from the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. She pursued a Master of Chirurgie (MCh) in Gastrointestinal Surgery at AIIMS, New Delhi, and holds the prestigious FRCS from Glasgow. Her specialised liver transplant training was completed at King’s College Hospital, London, where she gained significant expertise in both adult and paediatric liver transplantation, including machine perfusion techniques. Further enhancing her surgical repertoire, Dr. Shruthi undertook advanced training in robotic HPB surgery in Japan, refining her skills in minimally invasive liver and pancreatic resections, complex vascular reconstructions, and single-port robotic procedures.

  • Currently, Dr. Shruthi serves as the Consultant - HPB & Liver and Pancreatic Transplant at Manipal Hospitals, Bangalore, where she performs highly complex liver and pancreatic surgeries. Her clinical practice encompasses living donor and deceased donor liver transplantation, extended hepatectomy, pancreatectomy, gastrointestinal oncology surgeries, and minimally invasive HPB procedures. She has also contributed significantly to the inception of liver transplant programmes at public and private hospitals across India, including her role as a visiting consultant at the Institute of Gastroenterology and Organ Transplantation (IGOT), Bangalore, where she facilitated organ retrieval and transplantation procedures for patients with end-stage liver disease.

  • Beyond her clinical practice, Dr. Shruthi is a passionate educator and mentor. She serves as a teaching faculty for the DNB GI Surgery Super-Specialty Programme, guiding the next generation of surgical gastroenterologists through hands-on training, research supervision, and academic mentorship. She has presented extensively at national and international conferences, including the IHPBA World Congress, British Transplant Society meetings, and Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, showcasing her expertise in complex hepatobiliary surgery, minimally invasive liver resections, and outcomes of liver transplantation.

  • Dr. Shruthi has been recognised internationally for her excellence and leadership in liver transplantation and HPB surgery. She was elected as a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Glasgow, in 2023, and was one of two surgeons globally selected for the Japanese Society of HBP Surgeons observership in 2024. She actively participates in professional societies, including the International Liver Transplant Society (ILTS), International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (IHPBA), Liver Transplant Society of India (LTSI), and several Indian surgical associations, contributing to academic discourse, guideline development, and advocacy for organ donation.

  • Known for her patient-centric approach, meticulous surgical planning, and advanced technical skills, Dr. Shruthi is widely regarded as the best liver transplant surgeon in Bangalore for patients seeking comprehensive and cutting-edge HPB care. Her practice combines international expertise with local sensitivity, ensuring that patients receive world-class treatment within a supportive and empathetic environment. Whether performing complex adult or paediatric liver transplants, intricate pancreatic resections, or minimally invasive HPB procedures, Dr. Shruthi continues to push the boundaries of surgical excellence while mentoring future leaders in the field.

  • Field of Expertise

  • Robotic Surgery (Especially Minimally Invasive Liver And Pancreas Resections)
  • Liver Transplantation
  • Liver Failure / Cirrhosis
  • Portal Hypertension Surgeries
  • Gastrointestinal Cancers
  • Cancers and Benign Disorders Of The Liver, Pancreas, Gallbladder, And Bile Ducts (HPB Surgery)
  • Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery and Vascular Resections
  • Liver Transplantation, Liver Resections / Hepatectomy (Robotic, Laparoscopic And Open), Minimally-Invasive HBP Surgery and Complex GI Oncosurgery, Vascular Resections For Advanced Cancers
  • Languages Spoken

  • English
  • Hindi
  • Kannada
  • Awards & Achievements

  • Best Outgoing Student – MS (General Surgery), PGI, Chandigarh
  • Award Presentation For The Roy Calne Medal In British Transplant Society, 2021
  • Travel Grants From CSIR And IHPBA
  • National Level Faculty In Liver Transplantation
  • Committee Member – International Liver Transplant Society

    Languages Spoken

  • English
  • Hindi
  • Kannada
  • Overview

  • Dr. Shruthi H.S. Reddy is a highly skilled HPB and liver transplant surgeon in Old Airport Road, Bangalore. She is currently practising as a Consultant, HPB & Liver and Pancreatic Transplant at Manipal Hospitals, Bangalore. She brings extensive international experience and over a decade of advanced surgical expertise to the care of patients with complex liver, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal conditions. Recognised for her technical precision, academic contributions, and compassionate patient care, Dr. Shruthi has established herself as one of the leading liver transplant surgeons in the city, particularly noted for her proficiency in living donor and cadaveric liver transplantation, paediatric transplants, and complex hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeries.

  • Dr. Shruthi completed her MBBS at Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, followed by a Master of Surgery (MS) from the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. She pursued a Master of Chirurgie (MCh) in Gastrointestinal Surgery at AIIMS, New Delhi, and holds the prestigious FRCS from Glasgow. Her specialised liver transplant training was completed at King’s College Hospital, London, where she gained significant expertise in both adult and paediatric liver transplantation, including machine perfusion techniques. Further enhancing her surgical repertoire, Dr. Shruthi undertook advanced training in robotic HPB surgery in Japan, refining her skills in minimally invasive liver and pancreatic resections, complex vascular reconstructions, and single-port robotic procedures.

  • Currently, Dr. Shruthi serves as the Consultant - HPB & Liver and Pancreatic Transplant at Manipal Hospitals, Bangalore, where she performs highly complex liver and pancreatic surgeries. Her clinical practice encompasses living donor and deceased donor liver transplantation, extended hepatectomy, pancreatectomy, gastrointestinal oncology surgeries, and minimally invasive HPB procedures. She has also contributed significantly to the inception of liver transplant programmes at public and private hospitals across India, including her role as a visiting consultant at the Institute of Gastroenterology and Organ Transplantation (IGOT), Bangalore, where she facilitated organ retrieval and transplantation procedures for patients with end-stage liver disease.

  • Beyond her clinical practice, Dr. Shruthi is a passionate educator and mentor. She serves as a teaching faculty for the DNB GI Surgery Super-Specialty Programme, guiding the next generation of surgical gastroenterologists through hands-on training, research supervision, and academic mentorship. She has presented extensively at national and international conferences, including the IHPBA World Congress, British Transplant Society meetings, and Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, showcasing her expertise in complex hepatobiliary surgery, minimally invasive liver resections, and outcomes of liver transplantation.

  • Dr. Shruthi has been recognised internationally for her excellence and leadership in liver transplantation and HPB surgery. She was elected as a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Glasgow, in 2023, and was one of two surgeons globally selected for the Japanese Society of HBP Surgeons observership in 2024. She actively participates in professional societies, including the International Liver Transplant Society (ILTS), International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (IHPBA), Liver Transplant Society of India (LTSI), and several Indian surgical associations, contributing to academic discourse, guideline development, and advocacy for organ donation.

  • Known for her patient-centric approach, meticulous surgical planning, and advanced technical skills, Dr. Shruthi is widely regarded as the best liver transplant surgeon in Bangalore for patients seeking comprehensive and cutting-edge HPB care. Her practice combines international expertise with local sensitivity, ensuring that patients receive world-class treatment within a supportive and empathetic environment. Whether performing complex adult or paediatric liver transplants, intricate pancreatic resections, or minimally invasive HPB procedures, Dr. Shruthi continues to push the boundaries of surgical excellence while mentoring future leaders in the field.

  • Fellowship & Membership

  • Fellowship in Liver Transplant Surgery – King’s College Hospital, London
  • Advanced Clinical Training in Robotic HBP Surgery – Ageo Central Hospital, Japan
  • Field of Expertise

  • Robotic Surgery (Especially Minimally Invasive Liver And Pancreas Resections)
  • Liver Transplantation
  • Liver Failure / Cirrhosis
  • Portal Hypertension Surgeries
  • Gastrointestinal Cancers
  • Cancers and Benign Disorders Of The Liver, Pancreas, Gallbladder, And Bile Ducts (HPB Surgery)
  • Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery and Vascular Resections
  • Liver Transplantation, Liver Resections / Hepatectomy (Robotic, Laparoscopic And Open), Minimally-Invasive HBP Surgery and Complex GI Oncosurgery, Vascular Resections For Advanced Cancers
  • Awards & Achievements

  • Best Outgoing Student – MS (General Surgery), PGI, Chandigarh
  • Award Presentation For The Roy Calne Medal In British Transplant Society, 2021
  • Travel Grants From CSIR And IHPBA
  • National Level Faculty In Liver Transplantation
  • Committee Member – International Liver Transplant Society

    Field of Expertise

  • Robotic Surgery (Especially Minimally Invasive Liver And Pancreas Resections)
  • Liver Transplantation
  • Liver Failure / Cirrhosis
  • Portal Hypertension Surgeries
  • Gastrointestinal Cancers
  • Cancers and Benign Disorders Of The Liver, Pancreas, Gallbladder, And Bile Ducts (HPB Surgery)
  • Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery and Vascular Resections
  • Liver Transplantation, Liver Resections / Hepatectomy (Robotic, Laparoscopic And Open), Minimally-Invasive HBP Surgery and Complex GI Oncosurgery, Vascular Resections For Advanced Cancers
  • Fellowship & Membership

  • Fellowship in Liver Transplant Surgery – King’s College Hospital, London
  • Advanced Clinical Training in Robotic HBP Surgery – Ageo Central Hospital, Japan
  • Languages Spoken

  • English
  • Hindi
  • Kannada
  • Awards & Achievements

  • Best Outgoing Student – MS (General Surgery), PGI, Chandigarh
  • Award Presentation For The Roy Calne Medal In British Transplant Society, 2021
  • Travel Grants From CSIR And IHPBA
  • National Level Faculty In Liver Transplantation
  • Committee Member – International Liver Transplant Society
  • Overview

  • Dr. Shruthi H.S. Reddy is a highly skilled HPB and liver transplant surgeon in Old Airport Road, Bangalore. She is currently practising as a Consultant, HPB & Liver and Pancreatic Transplant at Manipal Hospitals, Bangalore. She brings extensive international experience and over a decade of advanced surgical expertise to the care of patients with complex liver, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal conditions. Recognised for her technical precision, academic contributions, and compassionate patient care, Dr. Shruthi has established herself as one of the leading liver transplant surgeons in the city, particularly noted for her proficiency in living donor and cadaveric liver transplantation, paediatric transplants, and complex hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeries.

  • Dr. Shruthi completed her MBBS at Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, followed by a Master of Surgery (MS) from the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. She pursued a Master of Chirurgie (MCh) in Gastrointestinal Surgery at AIIMS, New Delhi, and holds the prestigious FRCS from Glasgow. Her specialised liver transplant training was completed at King’s College Hospital, London, where she gained significant expertise in both adult and paediatric liver transplantation, including machine perfusion techniques. Further enhancing her surgical repertoire, Dr. Shruthi undertook advanced training in robotic HPB surgery in Japan, refining her skills in minimally invasive liver and pancreatic resections, complex vascular reconstructions, and single-port robotic procedures.

  • Currently, Dr. Shruthi serves as the Consultant - HPB & Liver and Pancreatic Transplant at Manipal Hospitals, Bangalore, where she performs highly complex liver and pancreatic surgeries. Her clinical practice encompasses living donor and deceased donor liver transplantation, extended hepatectomy, pancreatectomy, gastrointestinal oncology surgeries, and minimally invasive HPB procedures. She has also contributed significantly to the inception of liver transplant programmes at public and private hospitals across India, including her role as a visiting consultant at the Institute of Gastroenterology and Organ Transplantation (IGOT), Bangalore, where she facilitated organ retrieval and transplantation procedures for patients with end-stage liver disease.

  • Beyond her clinical practice, Dr. Shruthi is a passionate educator and mentor. She serves as a teaching faculty for the DNB GI Surgery Super-Specialty Programme, guiding the next generation of surgical gastroenterologists through hands-on training, research supervision, and academic mentorship. She has presented extensively at national and international conferences, including the IHPBA World Congress, British Transplant Society meetings, and Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, showcasing her expertise in complex hepatobiliary surgery, minimally invasive liver resections, and outcomes of liver transplantation.

  • Dr. Shruthi has been recognised internationally for her excellence and leadership in liver transplantation and HPB surgery. She was elected as a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Glasgow, in 2023, and was one of two surgeons globally selected for the Japanese Society of HBP Surgeons observership in 2024. She actively participates in professional societies, including the International Liver Transplant Society (ILTS), International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (IHPBA), Liver Transplant Society of India (LTSI), and several Indian surgical associations, contributing to academic discourse, guideline development, and advocacy for organ donation.

  • Known for her patient-centric approach, meticulous surgical planning, and advanced technical skills, Dr. Shruthi is widely regarded as the best liver transplant surgeon in Bangalore for patients seeking comprehensive and cutting-edge HPB care. Her practice combines international expertise with local sensitivity, ensuring that patients receive world-class treatment within a supportive and empathetic environment. Whether performing complex adult or paediatric liver transplants, intricate pancreatic resections, or minimally invasive HPB procedures, Dr. Shruthi continues to push the boundaries of surgical excellence while mentoring future leaders in the field.

    Awards & Achievements

  • Best Outgoing Student – MS (General Surgery), PGI, Chandigarh
  • Award Presentation For The Roy Calne Medal In British Transplant Society, 2021
  • Travel Grants From CSIR And IHPBA
  • National Level Faculty In Liver Transplantation
  • Committee Member – International Liver Transplant Society
  • Fellowship & Membership

  • Fellowship in Liver Transplant Surgery – King’s College Hospital, London
  • Advanced Clinical Training in Robotic HBP Surgery – Ageo Central Hospital, Japan
  • Field of Expertise

  • Robotic Surgery (Especially Minimally Invasive Liver And Pancreas Resections)
  • Liver Transplantation
  • Liver Failure / Cirrhosis
  • Portal Hypertension Surgeries
  • Gastrointestinal Cancers
  • Cancers and Benign Disorders Of The Liver, Pancreas, Gallbladder, And Bile Ducts (HPB Surgery)
  • Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery and Vascular Resections
  • Liver Transplantation, Liver Resections / Hepatectomy (Robotic, Laparoscopic And Open), Minimally-Invasive HBP Surgery and Complex GI Oncosurgery, Vascular Resections For Advanced Cancers
  • Languages Spoken

  • English
  • Hindi
  • Kannada
  • Overview

  • Dr. Shruthi H.S. Reddy is a highly skilled HPB and liver transplant surgeon in Old Airport Road, Bangalore. She is currently practising as a Consultant, HPB & Liver and Pancreatic Transplant at Manipal Hospitals, Bangalore. She brings extensive international experience and over a decade of advanced surgical expertise to the care of patients with complex liver, pancreatic, and gastrointestinal conditions. Recognised for her technical precision, academic contributions, and compassionate patient care, Dr. Shruthi has established herself as one of the leading liver transplant surgeons in the city, particularly noted for her proficiency in living donor and cadaveric liver transplantation, paediatric transplants, and complex hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgeries.

  • Dr. Shruthi completed her MBBS at Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, followed by a Master of Surgery (MS) from the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh. She pursued a Master of Chirurgie (MCh) in Gastrointestinal Surgery at AIIMS, New Delhi, and holds the prestigious FRCS from Glasgow. Her specialised liver transplant training was completed at King’s College Hospital, London, where she gained significant expertise in both adult and paediatric liver transplantation, including machine perfusion techniques. Further enhancing her surgical repertoire, Dr. Shruthi undertook advanced training in robotic HPB surgery in Japan, refining her skills in minimally invasive liver and pancreatic resections, complex vascular reconstructions, and single-port robotic procedures.

  • Currently, Dr. Shruthi serves as the Consultant - HPB & Liver and Pancreatic Transplant at Manipal Hospitals, Bangalore, where she performs highly complex liver and pancreatic surgeries. Her clinical practice encompasses living donor and deceased donor liver transplantation, extended hepatectomy, pancreatectomy, gastrointestinal oncology surgeries, and minimally invasive HPB procedures. She has also contributed significantly to the inception of liver transplant programmes at public and private hospitals across India, including her role as a visiting consultant at the Institute of Gastroenterology and Organ Transplantation (IGOT), Bangalore, where she facilitated organ retrieval and transplantation procedures for patients with end-stage liver disease.

  • Beyond her clinical practice, Dr. Shruthi is a passionate educator and mentor. She serves as a teaching faculty for the DNB GI Surgery Super-Specialty Programme, guiding the next generation of surgical gastroenterologists through hands-on training, research supervision, and academic mentorship. She has presented extensively at national and international conferences, including the IHPBA World Congress, British Transplant Society meetings, and Japanese Society of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, showcasing her expertise in complex hepatobiliary surgery, minimally invasive liver resections, and outcomes of liver transplantation.

  • Dr. Shruthi has been recognised internationally for her excellence and leadership in liver transplantation and HPB surgery. She was elected as a Fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, Glasgow, in 2023, and was one of two surgeons globally selected for the Japanese Society of HBP Surgeons observership in 2024. She actively participates in professional societies, including the International Liver Transplant Society (ILTS), International Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Association (IHPBA), Liver Transplant Society of India (LTSI), and several Indian surgical associations, contributing to academic discourse, guideline development, and advocacy for organ donation.

  • Known for her patient-centric approach, meticulous surgical planning, and advanced technical skills, Dr. Shruthi is widely regarded as the best liver transplant surgeon in Bangalore for patients seeking comprehensive and cutting-edge HPB care. Her practice combines international expertise with local sensitivity, ensuring that patients receive world-class treatment within a supportive and empathetic environment. Whether performing complex adult or paediatric liver transplants, intricate pancreatic resections, or minimally invasive HPB procedures, Dr. Shruthi continues to push the boundaries of surgical excellence while mentoring future leaders in the field.

FAQ's

Patients visit Dr. Shruthi H.S. Reddy, a leading Consultant - HPB & Liver and Pancreatic Transplant at Manipal Hospitals Old Airport Road - Bengaluru, for expert care and advanced treatments. Known for accurate diagnoses and patient centric care, Dr. Shruthi H.S. Reddy is a trusted choice for exceptional medical support.