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A regular blood check-up is not something most of us consider important. This could be because we feel healthy and do not see the need to visit a doctor unless sick, or there is a lack of quality, affordable healthcare. High blood pressure is the single most serious hazard to world health. Hypertension affects around 1.28 billion people worldwide, aged 30 to 79 years. Approximately 46% of patients with hypertension are ignorant of their ailment. As a result, it becomes critical to take control of your blood pressure by accurately monitoring it and working to keep it under control.
Synopsis
Understanding Hypertension
Hypertension, often known as high blood pressure, occurs when the pressure within the blood vessels rises to 140/90 mm Hg or more. Long-term hypertension is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular conditions like stroke and coronary artery disease, as well as conditions like chronic kidney disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, and dementia. If left untreated, the illness might result in catastrophic repercussions, including early death.
In some cases, individuals may experience symptoms such as blurred vision, shortness of breath, or a hypertension headache, characterised by persistent, dull pain typically located at the back of the head. However, many people with high blood pressure do not exhibit any symptoms, earning it the moniker "silent killer".
Types of Hypertension
Hypertension is of the following types:
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Primary hypertension: Primary hypertension does not have any identifiable cause for development. Common factors that may contribute to the development of primary hypertension are poor diet, lack of physical activity, smoking, excessive alcohol intake, and stress. It is frequently the most prevalent variety, which grows gradually over time.
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Secondary hypertension: Obstructive sleep apnoea, hormonal disorders, kidney diseases, and certain medications, such as birth control pills or prescription medications, can cause secondary hypertension. If you already suffer from another medical condition, you might be at risk for developing secondary hypertension.
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Portal hypertension: A less commonly discussed form, portal hypertension refers to increased blood pressure in the portal venous system, often caused by liver diseases like cirrhosis. While it's not the same as systemic hypertension, awareness is important, especially for those with liver-related health issues.
Diagnosis of Hypertension
Hypertension can only be identified by blood pressure testing. According to the American Heart Association, individuals 20 or older with normal blood pressure should get their blood pressure tested yearly. Measuring your blood pressure correctly can help diagnose and manage hypertension. Incorrect readings can result in unnecessary treatments and failure to address the underlying cause.
Hypertension Treatment and Lifestyle Measures
Effective hypertension treatment combines medication, lifestyle changes, and consistent monitoring:
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Active lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is possible with at least 30 minutes to 1 hour of physical activity, including exercising, brisk walking, and yoga. Such activity strengthens your heart by increasing its efficiency at pumping blood.
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Healthy diet: A balanced diet high in fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains will help decrease your blood pressure. To maintain your blood pressure, reduce your salt intake and consumption of highly processed meals.
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Limit alcohol and tobacco: Avoiding smoking and alcohol consumption are essential steps in managing hypertension. Both of these activities may elevate blood pressure and increase the risk of heart disease.
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Reduce stress: Chronic stress can cause blood pressure spikes. Manage your stress with meditation, yoga, or deep breathing techniques.
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Good sleep: Sleep is vital for heart health; therefore, get 7 to 9 hours of restful sleep to allow your body to recover and regulate blood pressure naturally.
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Monitor blood pressure regularly: Monitoring frequently helps to keep your blood pressure under control and make adjustments when needed. Home blood pressure monitors are useful tools, particularly for individuals with high blood pressure, to track blood pressure and monitor their treatment response.
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Medications: Take your medications regularly if your healthcare professional has prescribed them to keep your blood pressure under control.
Importance of World Hypertension Day
Hypertension Day aims to raise awareness about the need for improved blood pressure regulation. The World Hypertension League (WHL) launched its campaign in 2005 and has hosted it every year since. This year's World Hypertension Day is on May 17th, with the theme, "Measure Your Blood Pressure Accurately, Control It, and Live Longer!" The campaign promotes early detection and proper hypertension treatment to prevent long-term complications. The programme includes blood pressure screening, community activities, media releases, and awareness efforts all across the world.
Conclusion
Hypertension may be silent, but its impact on health is loud and serious. On this World Hypertension Day 2025, take the opportunity to understand your blood pressure numbers and commit to regular monitoring. With timely diagnosis, appropriate hypertension treatment from an experienced doctor, and simple lifestyle changes, you can effectively manage high blood pressure, reduce the risk of complications, and protect your long-term health. Do not wait for your symptoms to worsen; instead, contact Manipal Hospitals, Broadway, immediately!
FAQ's
Some symptoms of hypertension are:
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Severe headache
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Chest pain
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Dizziness
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Difficulty breathing
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Nausea and vomiting
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Vision changes
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Anxiety
Consuming unhealthy diets that involve excessive salt, foods high in saturated and trans fat, and consuming less of vegetables and fruits can increase your risk of hypertension. Also, tobacco, smoking, alcohol, obesity, and sedentary lifestyles are other factors that increase hypertension risk. Sometimes family history can also lead to hypertension in individuals 65 years and above.
Caffeine can quickly elevate people's blood pressure. However, its influence differs depending on the individual.
Drinking enough water and staying hydrated will help you maintain healthy blood pressure.
You should ideally measure your blood pressure at the same location using the same instrument. Avoid collecting blood pressure measures immediately after awakening or exertional activities. Also, avoid eating or drinking 30 minutes before taking the reading.
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