Fungal Skin Infections in the Rainy Season: What to Watch Out For and How to Stay Protected

What is a Fungal Skin Infection?

A fungal skin infection commonly occurs from different types of fungi that live on our skin, hair or nails. Fungi thrive in warm, moist environments, which is why you will see fungal infections more frequently in humid weather or after heavy sweating. There are many different forms of fungal infections, which may present with itching, redness, rashes, or peeling skin. Fungal infections can occur on the feet (athlete's foot), groin (jock itch), scalp, or nails. While not usually serious, they can be uncomfortable and, at times, can spread if not treated. With the right treatment, good hygiene, and quick medical attention, the vast majority of fungal skin infections can be managed effectively and treated/prevented.

Types of Fungal Infections in the Rainy Season

The monsoon brings relief from the summer heat, but it also creates a warm and humid environment that encourages fungal growth. Here are the five most common fungal skin infection types that are frequently seen during the rainy season.

1. Tinea (Ringworm)

Tinea, known commonly as ringworm, is a fungal infection of one’s skin of the body, scalp or feet. It is indicated by either fleshy red or itchy patches that are circular in pattern, often extending even further with time. Tinea fungus spreads through direct contact with infected skin, objects, or surfaces (e.g., shared towels). The conditions of monsoons, namely damp and unsatisfactory clothing, allow tinea infections to spread even faster in a friendly humidity environment. Personal hygiene, keeping the skin dry, and using antifungal creams can help control the infection and prevent its spread to other regions of the body or to other individuals.

2. Candidiasis

Candidiasis infection is caused by the fungus Candida, which naturally lives on skin and moist areas of the body. Overgrowth of Candida leads to infection in various areas, typically in folds of skin, in and under breasts, or in the groin region. Symptoms may include redness, itchiness, and soreness, and, in some cases, white patches may also be present. Treatment can include wearing loose, flowing, breathable clothing, ensuring the body is kept dry and using antifungal creams or powders.

3. Intertrigo

Intertrigo represents an inflammatory condition that can originate when fungus grows in skin folds, typically under the arms, breasts, or groin. Intertrigo is an inflammatory condition that can develop when fungi grow in a skin fold (generally in the armpit, under the breast, or groin). Prevention usually consists of keeping the skin folds dry, using absorbent powders, and wearing loose-fitting clothing. Antifungal creams may be used if a fungal infection is identified.

4. Fungal Nail Infections (Onychomycosis)

Onychomycosis affects fingernails or toenails such that they are thickened, discoloured, or brittle. The warm and humid conditions during the monsoon season lead to even more susceptibility, particularly if fingernails or toenails are left wet for an extended period of time. Other risk factors include walking barefoot on wet surfaces, shoes that fit snugly, and small-scale injuries to the nails. Treatment may include antifungal creams, medicated nail lacquers, or oral medications for stubborn infections.

5. Pityriasis Versicolor (Tinea Versicolor)

Pityriasis Versicolor is a yeast infection caused by Malassezia. Malassezia is a yeast that is commonly found on our skin. It presents as white or dark patches usually on the chest, back, or arms, and may also cause mild itching and/or scaling. The organisms usually prosper in warm, humid environments, which explains why we see many cases of this infection in the rainy season. Practicing good hygiene, keeping your skin dry, and using antifungal lotions or shampoos are effective treatment measures.

Fungal Skin Symptoms

Fungal infections often show visible signs on your skin. Here are some common symptoms:

• Itching and irritation: Persistent itching is one of the most common symptoms.

• Red or inflamed patches: The skin may appear red, swollen, or tender.

• Scaling or peeling: Affected areas often flake or peel off.

• Circular or ring-shaped rashes: Ringworm typically shows as round, raised patches.

• Discolouration: Skin may become lighter or darker in infected areas.

• Blisters or pustules: In severe cases, small, fluid-filled bumps can form.

• Odour: Some infections, like intertrigo, may produce an unpleasant smell.

• Thickened or brittle nails: Nail fungus can change texture and colour.

• Hair loss in affected areas: Scalp infections may cause patchy hair loss.

• Pain or discomfort: In some cases, skin may feel sore or tender.

Fungal Skin Causes

When fungi continue to spread uncontrollably on the nails, skin, or scalp, a fungal skin infection results. Some circumstances increase susceptibility to fungal skin infections in the rainy season:

• Warm and humid weather: a fungal skin infection is much more likely to occur if the rainy season causes warm and moist weather, which is ideal for fungal growth.

• Profound sweating by the body: If the skin is wet with sweat, this can create an ideal condition for a fungal infection on the skin.

• Poor hygiene: Washing the body infrequently, not washing sweaty clothes, and wearing damp clothes for extended periods are sure ways to contract a fungal infection.

• Wearing clothes that are tight or do not breathe: This reduces airflow to allow moisture to escape and also leaves the skin damp if warm, which could transfer to fungi.

• Sharing clothes, towels, or footwear: There are and always will be fungal contaminants that people share, and any personal treatment is generally ineffective for fungal surface contaminants.

Fungal Skin Prevention

It is easier to prevent a fungal infection than to treat it.  Daily practices can keep your skin healthy, especially after the rainy season.  Here are a few examples:

• Keep skin dry:  After bathing, gently pat your skin dry and avoid wearing damp clothing for extended periods.

• Wear breathable clothing:  If you can, wear cotton or loose-fitting clothing.  This allows air circulation.

• Maintain good hygiene practices:  Bathe regularly, and change out of sweaty clothes right away.

• Don't share personal items:  Do not share towels, footwear, or clothing.

• Use antifungal powder or cream:  It can be used in places that are easily infected by fungi.

• Strengthen your immunity: eat a good diet, drink plenty of fluid, and sleep well.

If you are concerned about fungal infection, you can take steps to reduce the risk and remain comfortable during the monsoon.

Conclusion

Fungal skin infections are prevalent during the rainy season, but they are typically preventable and treatable. Good hygiene, maintaining dry skin, and seeking competent medical attention can help you safeguard against infections and enable you to heal quickly. Receiving timely medical care will allow for your comfort, recovery, and healthy skin year-round. Your health deserves to be in trusted hands.

Manipal Hospital Salem's experienced dermatologists are equipped with the latest technology to care for you, provide accurate diagnoses, and offer proper recommendations, care, and support throughout your recovery process with us.