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Rectal cancer is one of the most curable types of cancer if detected early. Sadly, most individuals ignore or write off the first symptoms, thinking that they are caused by something minor, such as piles or changes in the diet. This delay usually results in the disease being diagnosed at an advanced stage, where the treatment is more complicated.
Worldwide, colorectal cancer (colon and rectum cancers) ranks in the top three of the most prevalent cancers. In India, the trend is steadily increasing, more so in urban regions because of lifestyle and diet changes. Early diagnosis is not only important for enhancing survival rates but also because it typically enables more conservative forms of treatment and an improved quality of life. In this blog, we will discuss the early signs of rectal cancer, and being aware of them can save lives.
Synopsis
What Is Rectal Cancer?
Rectal cancer develops in the last part of the large intestine, the rectum, which connects the colon to the anus. While colon and rectal cancers are often grouped together as “colorectal cancer”, their location differs, and so can the treatment approach.
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Rectal Cancer Risk Factors |
Increasing age (most common after 45, but younger cases are rising). |
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Family history of colorectal cancer. |
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A diet high in red and processed meats, low in fibre. |
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Obesity and lack of physical activity. |
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Smoking and heavy alcohol use. |
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Conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s or ulcerative colitis). |
Recognising early rectal cancer symptoms is vital because rectal cancer often progresses silently until it is advanced.
Early Warning Signs of Rectal Cancer Early Signs of Rectal Cancer
Here are some key warning signs of rectal cancer that should never be ignored:
Noticing bright red blood in your stool or on toilet paper can be alarming. Many people assume it’s just piles (haemorrhoids) and ignore them. But persistent or unexplained bleeding always needs medical evaluation.
2. Persistent Change in Bowel Habits
A shift in your bowel rhythm is an important signal. This could mean:
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Diarrhoea or constipation lasting more than a few weeks.
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Narrow, pencil-like stools.
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A feeling that the bowel isn’t completely empty, even after using the toilet.
3. Unexplained Anaemia or Fatigue
Rectal cancer can cause slow, chronic blood loss. Over time, this leads to iron-deficiency anaemia, leaving you unusually tired, weak, dizzy, or short of breath.
4. Abdominal or Rectal Pain
Mild cramping, discomfort during bowel movements, or persistent pelvic pain can sometimes be linked to rectal cancer, especially if they do not resolve on their own.
5. Unintended Weight Loss and Appetite Loss
If you experience a noticeable drop in body weight without dieting, or find your appetite fading, it could be an early systemic effect of cancer.
6. Mucus in Stool
Seeing clear or whitish mucus in your stool might seem minor, but when persistent, it can be a symptom of rectal cancer.
7. Tenesmus
This is the constant urge to pass stool even when the bowel is empty. It can cause significant discomfort and often signals irritation or a tumour in the rectum.
Why These Signs Are Often Missed
One of the largest obstacles to rectal cancer is that its symptoms are very similar to normal digestive complaints: piles, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), or even a simple infection. Because of this, most people do not seek medical attention in time.
Other causes are:
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Embarrassment and stigma around talking about rectal or bowel symptoms.
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Young adults think that cancer is a disease for older adults.
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Cultural taboos about freely discussing bowel health.
When to See a Doctor?
You should make an appointment if you have any of the following:
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More than 1–2 weeks of rectal bleeding.
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More than 2–3 weeks' change in bowel habits.
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Anaemia, fatigue, and unintentional weight loss.
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Abdominal or rectal pain that persists.
Remember, early consultation not only eliminates serious illness but also provides reassurance.
Early Diagnosis Tests for Rectal Cancer
If your physician suspects rectal cancer, the following tests could be ordered:
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Colonoscopy: The gold standard of tests, whereby a flexible scope explores the colon and rectum. Polyps or abnormal growths can be removed and biopsied.
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Digital rectal exam: A minor, brief examination in which the physician examines for lumps.
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Imaging (CT, MRI, PET scans): Assists with determining the severity of disease.
Early testing makes all the difference between straightforward surgery and complex, aggressive therapy.
Early testing makes all the difference between simple surgery and advanced, aggressive treatment.
Reducing the Risk of Rectal Cancer
While some risk factors (like genetics) cannot be changed, lifestyle adjustments can reduce your chances of developing rectal cancer.
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Eat a high-fibre diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
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Exercising regularly, even 30 minutes of walking daily, helps.
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Limit red and processed meats like sausages, bacon, and packaged meats.
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Quit smoking and cut down on alcohol.
Follow screening guidelines: Experts recommend starting colorectal screening with colonoscopy at age 45, or earlier if there’s a family history.
Consider genetic counselling if you have multiple family members with colorectal cancer.
Conclusion
Rectal cancer does not always shout its presence. Its warning signs are mild in the early stages and easily mistaken for piles or upset stomachs. But staying alert to your body, observing the red flags, and getting in touch with Dr Lohith P at Manipal Hospitals, Malleshwaram, Bangalore immediately can save your life.
Break the taboo surrounding bowel health. If you or someone you know experiences these rectal cancer warning symptoms, take the first step: make an appointment. Awareness and action are the best weapons we have against rectal cancer.
FAQ's
The initial symptoms are bleeding from the rectum, altered bowel habits, mucus in stools, and a sensation of incomplete evacuation. These must not be neglected, even if minimal.
Both are capable of causing bleeding, but piles tend to cause pain and swelling around the anus. Rectal cancer tends to result in chronic bleeding, alteration in stool caliber, and systemic symptoms such as weight loss and tiredness. Medical examination is the only method to be certain.
Most recommendations start at 45, but with a family history or other risk factors, your physician may recommend earlier screening with colonoscopy.
Unfortunately, yes, cases are increasing among individuals under 40. Lifestyle, genetics, and diet are involved. This is why awareness and vigilance become critical in younger populations.
If rectal bleeding persists for longer than one to two weeks, or is accompanied by other symptoms such as fatigue, loss of weight without a clear explanation, or alterations in stool, you must consult a doctor.
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