Severe Burns

FAQs

• How are burn severities classified?

  Burns are categorised by "degrees" based on how deep the damage goes:

  • First-degree: Red, painful skin (like a mild sunburn).

  • Second-degree: Blisters, thickening of the skin, and intense pain.

  • Third-degree: Damage reaching the fat layer; skin looks white, black, or leathery.

  • Fourth-degree: Deepest damage affecting muscles, tendons, or bones.

• Why does a third-degree burn sometimes not hurt?

  Counterintuitively, the most severe burns can be painless. This is because the burn has destroyed the nerve endings in the skin. While the area surrounding the burn may be excruciating, the centre of a deep burn often loses all sensation.

• Should I put ice or butter on a severe burn?

  No. Never use ice, butter, or ointments on a severe burn. Ice can further damage the tissue by causing "frostbite" on top of the burn, and grease/butter traps heat and increases the risk of infection. Stick to cool (not cold) running water for minor burns, but seek professional help immediately for severe ones.

• What are the biggest risks of a severe burn?

  Beyond the visible injury, the primary dangers are infection (sepsis) and dehydration. Skin acts as a protective barrier; when it is destroyed, the body loses fluids rapidly and becomes highly vulnerable to bacteria. Inhalation injury (damage to lungs from smoke) is also a major risk.

• What is a "Skin Graft"?

  For deep burns that cannot heal on their own, surgeons perform a skin graft. This involves taking healthy skin from an uninjured part of the patient's body (the donor site) and transplanting it to the burned area to promote healing and reduce scarring.

• When is a burn considered an emergency?

  A burn requires ER treatment if it:

  • Is larger than the palm of your hand.

  • Involves the face, hands, feet, genitals, or joints.

  • Looks charred, white, or leathery.

  • Is caused by chemicals or electricity.

• How long does the recovery process take?

  Recovery depends on the severity but can range from weeks to years. Severe burns often require rehabilitative therapy to regain movement in affected joints, as scar tissue (contractures) can tighten the skin and limit flexibility.