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Frozen shoulder, medically termed adhesive capsulitis, is a painful condition characterised by stiffness and severely limited movement in the shoulder joint. It can disrupt daily activities and impair quality of life. Understanding the warning signs, underlying causes, and available treatment options is vital for effective management of this condition.
Synopsis
What Is Frozen Shoulder?
The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint where the upper arm bone (humerus) fits into the shoulder blade (scapula), held together by a connective tissue capsule. Frozen shoulder occurs when the capsule becomes inflamed, thickened, and tightens, forming scar tissue that restricts movement and reduces joint lubrication. The shoulder progressively “freezes,” making it difficult or impossible to move without pain.
Stages and Warning Signs
Frozen shoulder typically develops and resolves in three phases, each with distinctive symptoms:
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Freezing stage (6-9 months): This initial phase involves increasing pain, especially with shoulder movement, often worsening at night and disrupting sleep. Shoulder mobility starts to decline as stiffness sets in.
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Frozen stage (4-12 months): Pain may diminish, but stiffness and loss of range of motion become more pronounced, making routine tasks like dressing, reaching, or lifting difficult.
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Thawing stage (5 months to 2 years): Gradual improvement in motion occurs, though full recovery may take years.
Key symptoms to watch for include persistent dull or aching pain in the shoulder or upper arm, stiffness, difficulty moving the joint, and worsening pain at night. These signs warrant early medical evaluation to prevent progression and minimise disability.
Causes and Risk Factors
Frozen shoulder often arises without a clear cause (idiopathic), but several factors increase risk:
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Prolonged immobilisation due to injury, surgery, or illness.
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Shoulder injuries such as rotator cuff tears or fractures.
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Systemic diseases, including diabetes, thyroid disorders, and cardiovascular disease.
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Age (40 to 60 years) and female gender.
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Other factors like insulin resistance and inflammation.
The condition is related to inflammation and thickening of the shoulder capsule, sometimes triggered by immune system changes in systemic diseases like diabetes.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves clinical evaluation of symptoms and physical examination to assess the shoulder range of motion and pain. Imaging methods such as X-rays or MRI are used to exclude other causes, like arthritis or bone fractures.
Treatment Options
Most people achieve improvement without surgery, although recovery may span months to years. Treatment goals include pain relief, reducing inflammation, and restoring mobility.
Nonsurgical treatments:
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Physical therapy: Targeted exercises to stretch the capsule, improve flexibility, and strengthen shoulder muscles are essential. Therapy adapts to the disease stage.
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Medications: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroid injections can reduce pain and inflammation.
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Heat and cold therapy: These modalities help alleviate pain and muscle tension.
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Activity modification: Encouraging safe shoulder use and avoiding immobilisation to prevent worsening stiffness.
Surgical treatments:
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Manipulation under anaesthesia: The shoulder is moved forcefully while the patient is anaesthetised to break up scar tissue.
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Arthroscopic capsular release: Minimally invasive surgery to cut the tight capsule and restore movement.
These are considered when conservative measures fail after several months.
Tips to Cure Frozen Shoulder Quickly
Although frozen shoulder improvement is naturally slow, early intervention speeds recovery:
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Seek medical care promptly when symptoms begin.
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Engage consistently in physical therapy exercises.
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Manage underlying conditions such as diabetes.
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Use pain relief methods to enable movement without severe discomfort.
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Avoid prolonged shoulder immobility.
Frozen shoulder is a common but challenging condition marked by pain, stiffness, and loss of shoulder motion. Recognising early symptoms and understanding risk factors helps patients seek timely care. A combination of physical therapy, medications, and sometimes surgery offers effective frozen shoulder treatment. With patience and proper management, most individuals regain shoulder function and quality of life within 1 to 3 years.
Conclusion
By knowing the warning signs, causes, and treatment options, anyone experiencing shoulder discomfort can take proactive steps to address frozen shoulder before it “freezes” daily activities for the long term. Early diagnosis and targeted therapy remain key to curing frozen shoulder quickly and effectively, consult Manipal Hospitals Ranchi for expert care.
FAQ's
Common symptoms include persistent shoulder pain and stiffness, worsening pain at night, difficulty raising or rotating the arm, and loss of shoulder movement that interferes with daily activities like dressing or reaching overhead. Early recognition helps in timely treatment.
Frozen shoulder can be caused by injury, surgery, prolonged immobilisation, and medical conditions like diabetes, thyroid disorders, or cardiovascular disease, all prevalent in India. It most often affects people aged 40-60 and is slightly more common in women.
Diagnosis is primarily clinical, based on symptoms and physical examination of shoulder mobility and pain. Imaging, like X-rays or MRI, may be done to rule out other shoulder problems.
Treatment includes physical therapy for stretching and strengthening, pain relief medications including NSAIDs and corticosteroid injections, and sometimes surgical options if conservative therapy fails. Early treatment improves outcomes and reduces recovery time.
Yes, prevention involves maintaining shoulder mobility with regular exercises, managing underlying conditions like diabetes well, avoiding prolonged shoulder immobilisation after injury or surgery, and seeking early treatment at the first sign of symptoms.
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