Spinal fusion surgery can permanently connect two or more spinal vertebrae and effectively eliminate friction between them. This technique is used to treat various conditions using chronic back pain or spinal instability, including degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, scoliosis, and spondylolisthesis. Vertebrae fusion can stabilise the spine. It relieves pain. It improves overall function. Spinal fusion can also correct deformities. It can remove a damaged disc or vertebrae, too. During the procedure the surgeon makes an incision in the affected area, removes the damaged disc or bone and replaces it with a bone graft. The graft becomes a bridge between the vertebrae. The vertebrae are held together with metal plates, screws, and rods. This allows the bone to heal. It fuses the vertebrae into a single, solid bone.