A kidney biopsy involves taking one or more tiny samples of your kidney to look at with special microscopes. A kidney biopsy is a procedure to remove a small piece of kidney tissue that can be examined under a microscope for signs of damage or disease. Your doctor may recommend a kidney biopsy — also called renal biopsy — to diagnose a suspected kidney problem. It may also be used to see how serious a kidney condition is, or to monitor treatment for kidney disease. You may also need a kidney biopsy if you've had a kidney transplant that's not working properly.

Hemodialysis is a synthetic process that allows a dialysis machine to filter your blood, removing waste and water. The process assists the body's impaired kidney function and is usually adopted while the patient undergoes treatment for the underlying disease, or till a suitable donor kidney becomes available. In the dialysis machine, the blood passes through a filter known as a dialyser, which imitates the kidney and filters out impurities and water from the blood. To be able to connect your blood flow to a dialysis machine, an arteriovenous (AV) connection is made from your arm to the dialysis machine. The most common of these is the AV fistula which requires a minor surgical procedure to connect an artery and vein to the dialysis machine. Over time, the fistula becomes stronger and there is less pain when using needles to connect to the machine. The other option is an AV graft, which is also effective but requires more maintenance.

ABO incompatible and paired exchange transplantation Sometimes it is impossible to find a compatible kidney donor. With urgency mounting, emergency cases may require an ABO incompatible kidney transplant. Here, your donor's blood type and your blood type aren't compatible, that is why you receive medical treatment before and after your kidney transplant to lower antibody levels in your blood and reduce the risk of antibodies rejecting the donor kidney.

This procedure takes a healthy kidney from a deceased or living donor and transplants it into a patient whose kidneys have failed.Without functional kidneys, the body accumulates harmful amounts of waste and fluid, which is a life-threatening situation. Everyone has two kidneys, and it is possible to function normally with just one, this makes it easier for people to become living donors, especially among families.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious medical condition which affects lakhs of people. Most cases of AKI are caused by reduced blood flow to the kidneys. Usually in a patient who’s unwell with a health condition. The reduced blood flow could be caused by severe dehydration from excessive vomiting or diarrhoea or low blood volume after bleeding. Patients in intensive care unit (ICU) who develop AKI have increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged length of stay in ICU and hospital and increased costs, specially when they require renal replacement therapy.