Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious bacterial infection that primarily attacks the lungs, but it can also spread to the brain, kidneys, and other organs. It is easily transmitted in crowded environments. Common symptoms of active TB include coughing, chest pain, and coughing up blood. Due to its contagious nature, infected individuals require appropriate treatment for at least 6 months.

People with weakened immune systems, such as those living with HIV/AIDS, are more susceptible to TB infection. There are 2 main forms of TB: latent and active. Individuals with latent TB don't exhibit any symptoms, while those with active TB may experience coughing and other symptoms. With proper diagnosis and treatment, TB is both preventable and curable.

Pneumonia is a potentially serious respiratory illness caused by various pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. People with compromised immune systems, newborns, and those with chronic health conditions are more susceptible to pneumonia. The most typical symptoms of pneumonia include chest pain, fever, and weakness along with a persistent cough or cough-up pus. Both bacterial and viral pneumonia are contagious. Fungal pneumonia, however, is not contagious and is contracted through environmental exposure.

For an accurate diagnosis, our top respiratory medicine specialists in Bangalore take a comprehensive approach that involves reviewing your medical history, physical examination, X-ray, CT scan, sputum culture, or other tests. After diagnosis, the treatment will be determined based on the severity of your condition. Because pneumonia can be serious, seek immediate medical attention with a top pulmonologist in Bangalore.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive, chronic inflammatory lung condition that obstructs the airflow from the lungs, leading to breathing problems. It usually develops from prolonged exposure to irritants like tobacco smoke or fumes, but long-term exposure to gases and chemical vapours can also contribute to damage the lungs, reducing their natural elasticity.

Frequent coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness are some common signs and symptoms of COPD. If left untreated, it can worsen symptoms and increase the risk of other chronic illnesses like heart disease. At Manipal Hospital Old Airport Road, the goal of COPD treatment is to manage symptoms with medications and help you maintain an active, healthy lifestyle. In severe cases, doctors may recommend surgery like Lung Volume Reduction Surgery (LVRS) or Lung Transplantation, as a last resort.

A collection of illnesses (over 200 disorders) that result in inflammation and lung scarring is known as interstitial lung disease (ILD). Scarring is frequently associated with respiratory difficulties, which might range from minor to severe. Difficulty breathing and a dry cough are the most common manifestations of ILD.

The diagnostic process for ILD at Manipal Hospital Old Airport Road, Bangalore, begins with a series of examinations - physical exam, pulmonary function tests, X-rays, CT scans, blood tests, etc. The treatment focuses on addressing the underlying condition and alleviating symptoms. The doctor may recommend physical therapy, supplementary oxygen, and medicine, or a combination of all to mitigate inflammation and prevent the condition from deteriorating.

Lung function tests, commonly known as Pulmonary function tests (PFTs), are a group of noninvasive tests to determine the health of the lungs. They also help determine the condition of your airways. These tests help doctors detect and treat several lung disorders, such as chronic bronchitis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis.

Lung function tests comprise multiple tests such as spirometry, lung volume test, lung diffusion capacity test, etc. These tests typically take fifteen to thirty minutes. Based on the purpose of your test, our top pulmonologists in Bangalore may request one or more lung function tests. PFTs are generally safe and non-invasive. Before you undergo these tests, make sure you follow all of the directions provided by our medical staff.

Cancer is generally staged based on tumour size, location, and if it has spread to other organs. The process of staging lung cancer is used to figure out how much cancer has spread and its location in small cell and non-small cell lung cancer. At Manipal Hospital Old Airport Road, we use precise and innovative technologies to identify lung cancer accurately. The initials T, N, and M are frequently used for small cell lung cancer staging.

"T" is your tumor's size. It also identifies the location of the tumour in the lungs or body.
"N" indicates node involvement. This determines the progression of cancer to nearby lymph nodes.
"M" stands for metastases. This identifies whether cancer has spread to other parts of the body or not.

Our medical experts also use X as a number, indicating the tumour can’t be quantified and that the extent of its propagation is unknown. Non-small-cell lung cancer stages represent the clinical or pathological stage. Doctors may perform a biopsy to determine the diagnosis. The TNM system, with the digits X, 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 following each letter, is the most common approach to staging an NSCLC tumour.

Sleep issues affect many people. There are more than 80 sleep disorders that affect the quality and timing of sleep. Anyone can suffer sleep problems (variations in sleep quality and duration) from time to time, but if they persist, you may have a sleeping disorder. Sleep issues may interfere with regular daily activities, negatively impact quality of life, and may increase the risk of many health problems, such as coronary artery disease and diabetes.

The common sleep disorders include:
Insomnia
Sleep Paralysis
Snoring and Sleep Apnea
Restless Legs Syndrome
Circadian Rhythm Disorders

For proper diagnosis of any sleep disorder, you can consult our top sleep medicine specialists at Manipal Hospital Old Airport Road, Bangalore. They may advise you a sleep study (polysomnogram) or other non-invasive examinations following which treatments such as Cognitive behavioural therapy, CPAP, light therapy, and sleep medications may be initiated to help you manage your symptoms.